Gene superfamily: protein tyrosine phosphatases; (PTPN1 PTPN2 PTPN2P1 PTPN2P2 PTPN3 PTPN4 PTPN5 PTPN6 PTPN7 PTPN8 PTPN9 PTPN11 PTPN12 PTPN13 PTPN14 PTPRA PTPRB PTPRC PTPRD PTPRE PTPRF PTPRG PTPRH PTPRJ PTPRK PTPRM PTPRN PTPRN2 PTPRO PTPRQ PTPRS PTPRZ1 PTPRZ2)

SUM

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs; FAM:PTK/00.0) are involved in the regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signaling. Such signaling is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins can be specifically dephosphorylated through the action of PTPs, which therefore are likely to have as important a role as PTKs in the control of cellular growth and differentiation. Given that hyperphosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues can cause cell transformation, it is plausible that lack of dephosphorylation resulting from loss of PTP function may also wreak an oncogenic effect. Intracellular PTPs are candidates for tumor suppressor genes."