Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: ADRA1D
Cytogenetic location: 20p13 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 20:4,220,630-4,249,287 (from NCBI)
Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors are G protein-coupled transmembrane receptors that mediate actions in the sympathetic nervous system through the binding of the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Lomasney et al. (1991) demonstrated that there are at least 3 alpha-1-adrenergic receptors. Bruno et al. (1991) cloned the alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor now termed ADRA1D.
Forray et al. (1994), Weinberg et al. (1994), Schwinn et al. (1995), and Esbenshade et al. (1995) cloned ADRA1D and determined that there were significant differences between their sequences and the sequence reported by Bruno et al. (1991). The predicted 572-amino acid ADRA1D protein contains 2 N-linked glycosylation sites in its N terminus, a transmembrane region, and several phosphorylation sites in its C terminus. Esbenshade et al. (1995) noted that rat and human ADRA1D share 98% identity in their transmembrane domains, and Schwinn et al. (1995) reported that the rat and human proteins are 87% homologous overall. Expression of ADRA1D in rat fibroblasts by Schwinn et al. (1995) showed that the rat and human receptors have similar pharmacologies. Using RNase protection analysis, Weinberg et al. (1994) showed that ADRA1D is the predominant ADRA1 subtype in prostate and aorta.
From in situ hybridization studies, Lomasney et al. (1991) concluded that the gene for what they called alpha-1A receptor is located on chromosome 5 in the region q23-q32, the same region thought to contain the ADRA1B gene (104220) and the ADRB2 gene (109690). The close proximity of 3 adrenergic receptors on the same chromosome suggested that this family of proteins arose by gene duplication. However, Schwinn and Lomasney (1992) suggested from its pharmacologic characteristics that the clone represents a further subtype they designated alpha-1D. Loftus et al. (1994) found by PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrids that the ADRA1D gene, or ADRA1A, is in fact located on chromosome 20. They cited work of others confirming the assignment of ADRA1D/ADRA1A to chromosome 20 by FISH. Yang-Feng et al. (1994) mapped the ADRA1D gene to chromosome 20 by analysis of a mouse/human hybrid cell mapping panel and to 20p13 by isotopic in situ hybridization.
Bruno, J. F., Whittaker, J., Song, J., Berelowitz, M. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding a human alpha-1A adrenergic receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179: 1485-1490, 1991. [PubMed: 1656955] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(91)91740-4]
Esbenshade, T. A., Hirasawa, A., Tsujimoto, G., Tanaka, T., Yano, J., Minneman, K. P., Murphy, T. J. Cloning of the human alpha-1D-adrenergic receptor and inducible expression of three subtypes in SK-N-MC cells. Molec. Pharm. 47: 977-985, 1995. [PubMed: 7746284]
Forray, C., Bard, J. A., Wetzel, J. M., Chiu, G., Shapiro, E., Tang, R., Lepor, H., Hartig, P. R., Weinshank, R. L., Branchek, T. A., Gluchowski, C. The alpha-1-adrenergic receptor that mediates smooth muscle contraction in human prostate has the pharmacological properties of the cloned human alpha-1C subtype. Molec. Pharm. 45: 703-708, 1994. [PubMed: 8183249] [Full Text: http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8183249]
Loftus, S. K., Shiang, R., Warrington, J. A., Bengtsson, U., McPherson, J. D., Wasmuth, J. J. Genes encoding adrenergic receptors are not clustered on the long arm of human chromosome 5. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 67: 69-74, 1994. [PubMed: 8039425] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000133802]
Lomasney, J. W., Cotecchia, S., Lorenz, W., Leung, W.-Y., Schwinn, D. A., Yang-Feng, T. L., Brownstein, M., Lefkowitz, R. J., Caron, M. G. Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor: the gene for which is located on human chromosome 5. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 6365-6369, 1991. [PubMed: 1706716] [Full Text: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9258(18)38126-2]
Schwinn, D. A., Johnston, G. I., Page, S. O., Mosley, M. J., Wilson, K. H., Worman, N. P., Campbell, S., Fidock, M. D., Furness, L. M., Parry-Smith, D. J., Peter, B., Bailey, D. S. Cloning and pharmacological characterization of human alpha-1 adrenergic receptors: sequence corrections and direct comparison with other species homologues. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 272: 134-142, 1995. [PubMed: 7815325] [Full Text: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7815325]
Schwinn, D. A., Lomasney, J. W. Pharmacologic characterization of cloned alpha-1-adrenoceptor subtypes: selective antagonists suggest the existence of a fourth subtype. Europ. J. Pharm. 227: 433-436, 1992. [PubMed: 1359975] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-4106(92)90162-o]
Weinberg, D. H., Trivedi, P., Tan, C. P., Mitra, S., Perkins-Barrow, A., Borkowski, D., Strader, C. D., Bayne, M. Cloning, expression and characterization of human alpha adrenergic receptors alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1C. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201: 1296-1304, 1994. [PubMed: 8024574] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1845]
Wilkie, T. M., Chen, Y., Gilbert, D. J., Moore, K. J., Yu, L., Simon, M. I., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A. Identification, chromosomal location, and genome organization of mammalian G-protein-coupled receptors. Genomics 18: 175-184, 1993. [PubMed: 8288218] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1452]
Yang-Feng, T. L., Han, H., Lomasney, J. W., Caron, M. G. Localization of the cDNA for an alpha-1-adrenergic receptor subtype (ADRA1D) to chromosome band 20p13. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 66: 170-171, 1994. [PubMed: 8125015] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000133693]