Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: LDHC
Cytogenetic location: 11p15.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 11:18,412,318-18,452,063 (from NCBI)
Zinkham et al. (1964) found a distinctive LDH isozyme in mature testes of many species including man. It is polymorphic in the pigeon, and one can infer that a locus separate from LDHA (150000) and LDHB (150100) controls it. The same is almost certainly true in the human. This is a gene that functions only in one sex and only in one tissue.
Sakai et al. (1987) isolated and sequenced cDNA clones of LDHC from the mouse. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)-containing RNAs from mouse testes and liver indicated that the Ldhc gene was expressed in testes but not in liver. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mouse Ldhc showed 73 and 72% homology, respectively, with those of mouse Ldha. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from mouse liver and human placenta indicated the presence of multiple LDH-C gene-related sequences. From the amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA, Millan et al. (1987) found that human LDHC is as different from rodent Ldhc (73% homology) as it is from human LDHA (76% homology) and porcine LDHB (68% homology).
Zinkham et al. (1969) found that the LDHB and LDHC loci are closely linked in pigeons. Edwards et al. (1987) used an LDHC cDNA to analyze genomic DNA from rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. These showed that LDHA and LDHC are syntenic on human chromosome 11. The assignment of LDHC was confirmed by Kao et al. (1988), who localized the gene to 11p15.5-p14.3 by use of somatic cell hybrids and in situ chromosome hybridization. Li et al. (1988) also assigned LDHC to chromosome 11 by hybridization of DNA from flow-sorted chromosomes. The close physical proximity of the LDHC and LDHA genes supports the evolutionary relatedness of the 2 isozymes. Edwards et al. (1989) reported mapping of LDHC to 11p15.5-p15.3 by combination of somatic cell hybrid studies and in situ hybridization.
Blanco, A. On the functional significance of LDH X. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 146: 231-235, 1980. [PubMed: 7382246]
Blanco, A., Zinkham, W. H., Kupchyk, L. Genetic control and ontogeny of lactate dehydrogenase in pigeon testes. J. Exp. Zool. 156: 137-152, 1964. [PubMed: 14193842] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401560202]
Burkhart, J. G., Ansari, A. A., Malling, H. V. Localization of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase-X in spermatozoa. Arch. Androl. 9: 115-120, 1982. [PubMed: 6756329] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.3109/01485018208990228]
Edwards, Y., West, L., Van Heyningen, V., Cowell, J., Goldberg, E. Regional localization of the sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase, LDHC, gene on human chromosome 11. Ann. Hum. Genet. 53: 215-219, 1989. [PubMed: 2596827] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1989.tb01787.x]
Edwards, Y. H., Povey, S., LeVan, K. M., Driscoll, C. E., Millan, J. L., Goldberg, E. Locus determining the human sperm specific lactate dehydrogenase, LDHC, is syntenic with LDHA. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 46: 609 only, 1987.
Edwards, Y. H., Povey, S., LeVan, K. M., Driscoll, C. E., Millan, J. L., Goldberg, E. Locus determining the human sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase, LDHC, is syntenic with LDHA. Dev. Genet. 8: 219-232, 1987. [PubMed: 2844458] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080406]
Kao, F.-T., Wu, K. C., Law, M. L., Hartz, J. A., Lau, Y.-F. Assignment of human gene encoding testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase C to chromosome 11, region p14.3-p15.5. Somat. Cell Molec. Genet. 14: 515-518, 1988. [PubMed: 3175768] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01534717]
Li, S. S.-L., Luedemann, M., Sharief, F. S., Takano, T., Deaven, L. L. Mapping of human lactate dehydrogenase-A, -B, and -C genes and their related sequences: the gene for LDHC is located with that for LDHA on chromosome 11. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 48: 16-18, 1988. [PubMed: 3180843] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000132578]
Markert, C. L., Shaklee, J. B., Whitt, G. S. Evolution of a gene: multiple genes for LDH isozymes provide a model of the evolution of gene structure, function, and regulation. Science 189: 102-114, 1975. [PubMed: 1138367] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138367]
Millan, J. L., Driscoll, C. E., LeVan, K. M., Goldberg, E. Epitopes of human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase deduced from a cDNA sequence. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 5311-5315, 1987. [PubMed: 2440048] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.15.5311]
Sakai, I., Sharief, F. S., Li, S. S.-L. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase-C from mouse. Biochem. J. 242: 619-622, 1987. [PubMed: 2439071] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2420619]
Zinkham, W. H. A unique form of lactate dehydrogenase in human sperm: biological and clinical significance. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 130: 1-10, 1972. [PubMed: 5060136]
Zinkham, W. H., Blanco, A., Clowry, L. J., Jr. An unusual isozyme of lactic dehydrogenase in mature testes: localization, ontogeny, and kinetic properties. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 121: 571-588, 1964. [PubMed: 14240553] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14227.x]
Zinkham, W. H., Blanco, A., Kupchyk, L. Lactate dehydrogenase in pigeon testes: genetic control of three loci. Science 144: 1353-1354, 1964. [PubMed: 14171532] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.144.3624.1353]
Zinkham, W. H., Isensee, H. Genetic control of lactate dehydrogenase synthesis in the somatic and genetic tissues of pigeons. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 130: 11-25, 1972. [PubMed: 4551174]
Zinkham, W. H., Isensee, H., Renwick, J. H. Linkage of lactate dehydrogenase B and C loci in pigeons. Science 164: 185-187, 1969. [PubMed: 5774192] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3876.185]