Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: YES1
Cytogenetic location: 18p11.32 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 18:721,588-812,753 (from NCBI)
The YES1 oncogene is homologous to the v-yes gene of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus. The v-yes gene product is associated with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity, and its amino acid sequence shows a high degree of homology with that of the v-src gene product of Rous sarcoma virus (see SRC; 190090) (summary by Semba et al., 1985).
Using Northern blot analysis, Semba et al. (1985) found variable expression of a 4.8-kb RNA related to v-yes in human embryonic fibroblasts, 3 human cell lines, placenta, and fetal lung, liver, and kidney.
Using a probe prepared from human YES2, a processed pseudogene, Sukegawa et al. (1987) cloned human YES1 from an embryonic fibroblast cDNA library. The deduced 543-amino acid protein has a calculated molecular mass of 60.8 kD. It has a putative kinase domain, conserved ATP-binding residues (lys305 and a GxGxxG motif at residue 284), a putative autophosphorylation site (tyr416), and a putative myristoylation site (gly2). Amino acids 91 through 543 of human YES1, including the kinase domain, share 96% identity with the corresponding region of v-yes.
Oh et al. (2002) reported that the deduced 541-amino acid YES1 protein contains an SRC homology-3 (SH3) domain, followed by an SH2 domain and a C-terminal protein tyrosine kinase domain.
Using a yeast 2-hybrid assay of a HeLa cell library, Oh et al. (2002) showed that YES1 interacted with QM (RPL10; 312173). Immunoprecipitation analysis and protein pull-down assays showed that QM interacted with the SH3 domain of YES1. Full-length QM suppressed the kinase activity of YES1 by suppressing its autophosphorylation activity. Overexpression of QM resulted in increased YES1 mRNA and protein expression.
Taniguchi et al. (2015) showed in mice and human cells that GP130 (600694), a coreceptor for IL6 (147620) cytokines, triggers activation of YAP (606608) and Notch (190198), transcriptional regulators that control tissue growth and regeneration, independently of the GP130 effector STAT3 (102582). Through YAP and Notch, intestinal GP130 signaling stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, causes aberrant differentiation, and confers resistance to mucosal erosion. GP130 associates with the related tyrosine kinases SRC (190090) and YES, which are activated on receptor engagement to phosphorylate YAP and induce its stabilization and nuclear translocation. This signaling module is strongly activated upon mucosal injury to promote healing and maintain barrier function.
Sukegawa et al. (1987) found that the upstream region of the YES1 gene is GC rich.
Semba et al. (1985) found in DNA from human embryo fibroblasts 10 EcoRI fragments that hybridized with the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. By a study of human-mouse cell hybrids, 4 of these fragments, designated YES1, were assigned to chromosome 18, and 1 fragment, designated YES2, was assigned to chromosome 6. (YES2 was later found by Semba et al. (1988) to be a pseudogene of YES1 and to be located at chromosome 22q11.2. Semba et al. (1988) stated: 'The failure of proper mapping in our earlier experiment might have been caused by instability of hybrid cell clones.') The other 5 fragments could not be mapped either because hybridization signals were too weak or differentiation from mouse Yes fragments was impossible. There was evidence for multiple copies of YES-related genes in the human genome. At least 3 of the human YES gene copies had both introns and exons, and 1 gene copy appeared to be a pseudogene.
By isotopic in situ hybridization, Yoshida et al. (1985) mapped the YES1 gene to chromosome 18q21.3. They suggested that the localization is consistent with a role in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma, which is frequently associated with a t(14;18) translocation with the breakpoint at 18q21 (Fukuhara et al., 1979); see 151430. Ohno et al. (1987) found that although it is in the same chromosome region as BCL2 (151430), the YES gene is intact in cases of follicular lymphoma. Using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) containing the YES1 gene as probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization, Silverman et al. (1993) detected a strong signal in the region corresponding to chromosome 18p11.3. These YACs were found to contain another 18p11.32 gene, thymidylate synthase (188350); the genes were less than 50 kb apart.
Overhauser et al. (1993) identified a sequence-tagged site in the YES1 gene and used it in studies of somatic cell hybrids with deletion of various segments of chromosome 18 to map the gene to 18pter-p11.21.
Fukuhara, S., Rowley, J. D., Variakojis, D., Sweet, D. L. Chromosome abnormalities in poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Cancer Res. 39: 3119-3128, 1979. [PubMed: 582296]
Oh, H. S., Kwon, H., Sun, S. K., Yang, C.-H. QM, a putative tumor suppressor, regulates proto-oncogene c-Yes. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 36489-36498, 2002. [PubMed: 12138090] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M201859200]
Ohno, H., Fukuhara, S., Takahashi, R., Mihara, K., Sugiyama, T., Doi, S., Uchino, H., Toyoshima, K. c-yes and bcl-2 genes located on 18q21.3 in a follicular lymphoma cell line carrying a t(14;18) chromosomal translocation. Int. J. Cancer 39: 785-788, 1987. [PubMed: 3034807] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910390622]
Overhauser, J., Mewar, R., Rojas, K., Lia, K., Kline, A. D., Silverman, G. A. STS map of genes and anonymous DNA fragments on human chromosome 18 using a panel of somatic cell hybrids. Genomics 15: 387-391, 1993. [PubMed: 8449504] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1072]
Semba, K., Nishizawa, M., Satoh, H., Fukushige, S., Yoshida, M. C., Sasaki, M., Matsubara, K., Yamamoto, T., Toyoshima, K. Nucleotide sequence and chromosomal mapping of the human c-yes-2 gene. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 79: 710-717, 1988. [PubMed: 3137198] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1988.tb02227.x]
Semba, K., Yamanashi, Y., Nishizawa, M., Sukegawa, J., Yoshida, M., Sasaki, M., Yamamoto, T., Toyoshima, K. Location of the c-yes gene on the human chromosome and its expression in various tissues. Science 227: 1038-1040, 1985. [PubMed: 2983418] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2983418]
Silverman, G. A., Kuo, W.-L., Taillon-Miller, P., Gray, J. W. Chromosomal reassignment: YACs containing both YES1 and thymidylate synthase map to the short arm of chromosome 18. Genomics 15: 442-445, 1993. [PubMed: 8449516] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1086]
Sukegawa, J., Semba, K., Yamanashi, Y., Nishizawa, M., Miyajima, N., Yamamoto, T., Toyoshima, K. Characterization of cDNA clones for the human c-yes gene. Molec. Cell. Biol. 7: 41-47, 1987. [PubMed: 2436037] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.1.41-47.1987]
Taniguchi, K., Wu, L.-W., Grivennikov, S. I., de Jong, P. R., Lian, I., Yu, F.-X., Wang, K., Ho, S. B., Boland, B. S., Chang, J. T., Sandborn, W. J., Hardiman, G., Raz, E., Maehara, Y., Yoshimura, A., Zucman-Rossi, J., Guan, K.-L., Karin, M. A gp130-Src-YAP module links inflammation to epithelial regeneration. Nature 519: 57-62, 2015. [PubMed: 25731159] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14228]
Yoshida, M. C., Sasaki, M., Mise, K., Semba, K., Nishizawa, M., Yamamoto, T., Toyoshima, K. Regional mapping of the human proto-oncogene c-yes-1 to chromosome 18 at band q21.3. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 76: 559-562, 1985. [PubMed: 3928550]