Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: S100A3
Cytogenetic location: 1q21.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 1:153,547,329-153,549,258 (from NCBI)
The S100 proteins are small EF-hand calcium-binding proteins that display different expression patterns in human tissues (summary by Engelkamp et al., 1993).
Engelkamp et al. (1993) cloned human S100E (S100A3), which encodes a deduced 101-amino acid protein. Different from other S100 proteins was a high content of cysteine residues (10 of the 101 residues). Northern blot analysis detected no S100E transcript. Quantitative PCR showed low general expression of S100E in diaphragm, heart, muscle, skeletal muscle, stomach, lung, liver, and fat and placenta tissues.
Engelkamp et al. (1993) determined that the S100E gene contains 3 exons. The first exon is not translated.
Engelkamp et al. (1993) demonstrated that the S100E protein is encoded by a gene located in a tight cluster of genes of similar structure in a 15-kb region of 1q21. The order of the genes from 5-prime to 3-prime was found to be S100E, CAPL (S100A4; 114210), S100D (S100A5; 176991), CACY (S100A6; 114110). The 4 genes were arranged in head-to-tail order.
Schafer et al. (1995) isolated a YAC clone from 1q21 on which 9 different genes coding for S100 calcium-binding proteins could be localized. Clustered organization allowed introduction of a new logical nomenclature for these genes, based on their physical arrangement on the chromosome, with S100A1 being closest to the telomere and S100A9 (123886) being closest to the centromere. S100E became S100A3 in the new nomenclature.
Engelkamp, D., Schafer, B. W., Mattei, M. G., Erne, P., Heizmann, C. W. Six S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21: identification of two genes coding for the two previously unreported calcium-binding proteins S100D and S100E. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 90: 6547-6551, 1993. [PubMed: 8341667] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.14.6547]
Schafer, B. W., Wicki, R., Engelkamp, D., Mattei, M.-G., Heizmann, C. W. Isolation of a YAC clone covering a cluster of nine S100 genes on human chromosome 1q21: rationale for a new nomenclature of the S100 calcium-binding protein family. Genomics 25: 638-643, 1995. [PubMed: 7759097] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(95)80005-7]