HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: RPL19
Cytogenetic location: 17q12 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 17:39,200,283-39,204,732 (from NCBI)
The ribosome, the only organelle conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is a nucleoprotein particle that brings together the different components of the translation system in the correct spatial and conformational arrangements required for their interaction. In eukaryotes, the ribosome consists of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit. The subunits are composed of 4 species of ribosomal RNA (rRNA; see 180450) and approximately 80 different ribosomal proteins, most of which appear to be present in equimolar amounts. In mammalian cells, ribosomal proteins can account for up to 15% of the total cellular protein, and expression of different ribosomal protein genes, which can account for up to 7 to 9% of total cellular mRNAs, is coordinately regulated to meet the varying requirements for protein synthesis in the cell. The mammalian ribosomal protein genes are members of multigene families, most of which are composed of multiple processed pseudogenes and a single functional, intron-containing gene. RPL19 is a functional, intron-containing gene encoding a ribosomal protein (summary by Davies and Fried, 1995 and Feo et al., 1992).
By study of somatic cell hybrids, Nakamichi et al. (1986) found that DNA sequences complementary to 6 mammalian ribosomal protein cDNAs could be assigned to chromosomes 5, 8, and 17. Ten fragments mapped to 3 chromosomes. These are probably a mixture of functional (expressed) genes and pseudogenes. One that maps to 5q23-q33 rescues Chinese hamster emetine-resistance mutations in interspecies hybrids and is therefore the transcriptionally active RPS14 gene (130620).
Davies et al. (1989) noted that the presence of multiple pseudogenes had hampered the isolation and study of functional ribosomal protein genes. Davies et al. (1989) described a PCR-based strategy for the detection of intron-containing genes in the presence of multiple pseudogenes. Feo et al. (1992) used this technique to identify the intron-containing PCR products of 7 human ribosomal protein genes and to map their chromosomal locations by hybridization to human/rodent somatic cell hybrids. All 7 ribosomal protein genes were found to be on different chromosomes: RPL19 on 17p12-q11; RPL30 (180467) on 8; RPL35A (180468) on 18; RPL36A (180469) on 14; RPS6 (180460) on 9pter-p13; RPS11 (180471) on 19cen-qter; and RPS17 (180472) on 11pter-p13. These are also different sites from the chromosomal location of previously mapped ribosomal protein genes S14 on chromosome 5 (130620), S4 on Xq and Yp (312760), and RPL7A on 9q3-q34 (185640). Feo et al. (1992) proposed that the wide distribution of ribosomal protein genes throughout the human genome suggests that coordinate regulation of their expression in response to a cell's varying requirements for protein synthesis is not a result of cis-activation of chromosomal regions but is mediated by trans-acting factors.
Davies and Fried (1995) used fluorescence in situ hybridization to position the RPL19 gene to chromosome 17q11.
Gross (2021) mapped the RPL19 gene to chromosome 17q12 based on an alignment of the RPL19 sequence (GenBank BC000530) with the genomic sequence (GRCh38).
Davies, B., Feo, S., Heard, E., Fried, M. A strategy to detect and isolate an intron-containing gene in the presence of multiple processed pseudogenes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 86: 6691-6695, 1989. [PubMed: 2771953] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.17.6691]
Davies, B., Fried, M. The L19 ribosomal protein gene (RPL19): gene organization, chromosomal mapping, and novel promoter region. Genomics 25: 372-380, 1995. [PubMed: 7789970] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(95)80036-l]
Feo, S., Davies, B., Fried, M. The mapping of seven intron-containing ribosomal protein genes shows they are unlinked in the human genome. Genomics 13: 201-207, 1992. [PubMed: 1577483] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(92)90221-d]
Gross, M. B. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 7/16/2021.
Nakamichi, N. N., Kao, F.-T., Wasmuth, J., Roufa, D. J. Ribosomal protein gene sequences map to human chromosomes 5, 8, and 17. Somat. Cell Molec. Genet. 12: 225-236, 1986. [PubMed: 3459254] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01570781]