Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: TCP10L3
Cytogenetic location: 6q27 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 6:167,373,090-167,384,510 (from NCBI)
The mouse t haplotype is a naturally occurring genetic variant that extends over the proximal one-third portion of murine chromosome 17 which includes the major histocompatibility complex. The t haplotype represents the best-known and most well-characterized example of a 'selfish chromosome' in mammals (Silver, 1993). During the haploid phase of male germ cell differentiation, t-bearing spermatids act upon their meiotic partners to render the resulting spermatozoa inactive. As a consequence, heterozygous +/t males transmit their t-bearing chromosome to 99% or more of their offspring; this phenomenon is referred to as transmission ratio distortion (TRD). A second consequence of this t-induced partner inactivation is that in homozygous t/t males, haploid spermatids inactivate each other, causing absolute sterility. Loci spread throughout the 20-cM length of the t haplotype are required for TRD, and the t haplotype can survive in nature only because of a series of paracentric inversions that lock all of these loci together so that they are transmitted through +/t heterozygotes as a unified genetic entity. Although it has been claimed that particular extended haplotypes of the human MHC are also transmitted at nonmendelian ratios, representing a human version of the t haplotype, the mapping of numerous human homologs of loci from across the mouse t haplotype region demonstrates that in man the t region is split into 2 predominant locations far apart from each other on the short and long arms of chromosome 6. Thus, the possible existence of human t haplotypes appears unlikely.
A human homolog, TCP10, of a candidate gene for the t responder locus was cloned and localized to 6q. Using 2 RFLPs detected with TCP10, each with PvuII, Blanche et al. (1989) showed that TCP10 is about 20 cM from TCP1 (186980) and plasminogen (PLG; 173350), which are closely linked to each other at 6q26-q27. Blanche et al. (1989) suggested that the 2 RFLPs detected by TCP10 represent 2 different loci (designated A and B) which showed no recombination in females but 0.04 recombination in males. Zuppan et al. (1989) demonstrated linkage between TCP10 and the estrogen receptor locus at human chromosome 6q24-q27. In the mouse, the TCP10 genes and another testis-expressed locus, D17Si11, map to the proximal region of chromosome 17. Bibbins et al. (1989) showed that the human homolog of D17Si11, designated D6S46, maps to 6p21.1-p11. In both mouse and man, the gene exists in single genomic copy. Bibbins et al. (1989) concluded, furthermore, that the TCP10 genes map to 6q21-qter along with the human homologs of other genes from the mouse chromosome 17 region between the centromere and Pim-1. Gogolin et al. (1991) described 2 RFLP allelic series within or close to the TCP10 gene. Blanche et al. (1992) studied genetic linkage of TCP1, PLG, and TCP10. They found no recombination between TCP1 and PLG and found that the 2 are separated from TCP10 by about 15 cM; the corresponding mouse genes are no more than 4 cM apart. Genetic mapping with markers well localized cytogenetically placed TCP1 and PLG proximal to TCP10 and localized TCP10 to 6q27.
Islam et al. (1993) reported a comparison of the mouse and human TCP coding sequences. They found that whole exons have been added or eliminated from the transcripts expressed in each species, suggesting an evolutionary process of punctuated equilibria.
Bibbins, K. B., Tsai, J.-Y., Schimenti, J., Sarvetnick, N., Zoghbi, H. Y., Goodfellow, P., Silver, L. M. Human homologs of two testes-expressed loci on mouse chromosome 17 map to opposite arms of chromosome 6. Genomics 5: 139-143, 1989. [PubMed: 2767684] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(89)90098-0]
Blanche, H., de Gouyon, B., Kolaga, V., Dausset, J., Silver, L., Cann, H., Spielman, R. Three loci homologous with murine t complex genes are localized in a 4 point linkage group on the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q). (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 51: 963 only, 1989.
Blanche, H., Wright, L. G., Vergnaud, G., de Gouyon, B., Lauthier, V., Silver, L. M., Dausset, J., Cann, H. M., Spielman, R. S. Genetic mapping of three human homologues of murine t-complex genes localizes TCP10 to 6q27, 15 cM distal to TCP1 and PLG. Genomics 12: 826-828, 1992. [PubMed: 1572657] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(92)90317-l]
Gogolin, K. J., Wright, L. G., Kolaga, V. J., Silver, L. M., Spielman, R. S. RFLPs detected with the human TCP10 gene, a homologue of a mouse t-complex gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 19: 4313 only, 1991. [PubMed: 1678516] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.15.4313-a]
Islam, S. D., Pilder, S. H., Decker, C. L., Cebra-Thomas, J. A., Silver, L. M. The human homolog of a candidate mouse t complex responder gene: conserved motifs and evolution with punctuated equilibria. Hum. Molec. Genet. 2: 2075-2079, 1993. [PubMed: 8111376] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.12.2075]
Silver, L. M. The peculiar journey of a selfish chromosome: mouse t haplogypes and meiotic drive. Trends Genet. 9: 250-254, 1993. [PubMed: 8379001] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(93)90090-5]
Zuppan, P. J., Hall, J. M., Ponglikitmongkol, M., Spielman, R., King, M. C. Polymorphisms at the estrogen receptor (ESR) locus and linkage relationships on chromosome 6q. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 51: 1116 only, 1989.