Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CD1C
Cytogenetic location: 1q23.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 1:158,289,923-158,294,774 (from NCBI)
CD1C is a group-1 member of the CD1 family of major histocompatibility (MHC)-like glycoproteins. See CD1A (188370) and Park and Bendelac (2000) for background information on CD1 molecules.
After the discovery of the CD1 antigen presentation pathway expanded the spectrum of T-cell antigens to include lipids, the range of natural lipid antigens and functions of CD1-restricted T cells in vivo remained to be elucidated. Moody et al. (2000) demonstrated that the T-cell antigen receptor and the CD1C protein mediate recognition of an evolutionarily conserved family of isoprenoid glycolipids whose members include essential components of protein glycosylation and cell-wall synthesis pathways. A CD1C-restricted, mycobacteria-specific T-cell line recognized 2 previously unknown mycobacterial hexosyl-1-phosphoisoprenoids and structurally related mannosyl-beta-1-phosphodolichols. Responses to mannosyl-beta-1-phosphodolichols were common among CD1C-restricted T-cell lines and peripheral blood T lymphocytes of human subjects recently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but were not seen in naive control subjects. These results defined a new class of broadly distributed lipid antigens presented by the CD1 system during infection in vivo and suggested an immune mechanism for recognition of senescent or transformed cells that are known to have altered dolichol lipids.
Vincent et al. (2002) showed that group-1 (i.e., CD1A, CD1B, and CD1C) foreign antigen-nonspecific CD1-restricted T-cell clones could promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation in the presence of lipopolysaccharide and gamma-interferon (IFNG; 147570), whereas group-2 (i.e., CD1D)-restricted T cells failed to induce interleukin-12 p70 (IL12; see 161561) production and DC maturation except in the presence of CD40 ligand (CD40LG; 300386). On the other hand, the CD1D-restricted T-cell clones were more efficient producers of IL10 (124092).
Granelli-Piperno et al. (2006) used a monoclonal antibody recognizing BDCA1 to directly isolate myeloid DCs from human blood. These cells expressed the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 (see 609423) entry receptors CD4 (186940), CCR5 (601373), and CXCR4 (162643), but not CD209 (604672). HIV-1 infected a small fraction of the blood DCs that failed to mature in culture and exhibited weak immunostimulatory functions. Granelli-Piperno et al. (2006) proposed that HIV-1 exploits myeloid DCs in blood not only for replication and transmission, but also for immune evasion.
As part of an effort to clarify the nomenclature for monocytes and DCs in blood, Ziegler-Heitbrock et al. (2010) reported that CD1C is a marker for 1 of 2 types of myeloid DCs. CD1C-positive myeloid DCs represent an immature or precursor stage of circulating DCs.
Granelli-Piperno, A., Shimeliovich, I., Pack, M., Trumpfheller, C., Steinman, R. M. HIV-1 selectively infects a subset of nonmaturing BDCA1-positive dendritic cells in human blood. J. Immun. 176: 991-998, 2006. [PubMed: 16393985] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.991]
Moody, D. B., Ulrichs, T., Muhlecker, W., Young, D. C., Gurcha, S. S., Grant, E., Rosat, J.-P., Brenner, M. B., Costello, C. E., Besra, G. S., Porcelli, S. A. CD1c-mediated T-cell recognition of isoprenoid glycolipids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nature 404: 884-888, 2000. [PubMed: 10786796] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/35009119]
Park, S.-H., Bendelac, A. CD1-restricted T-cell responses and microbial infection. Nature 406: 788-792, 2000. [PubMed: 10963609] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/35021233]
Vincent, M. S., Leslie, D. S., Gumperz, J. E., Xiong, X., Grant, E. P., Brenner, M. B. CD1-dependent dendritic cell instruction. Nature Immun. 3: 1163-1168, 2002. [PubMed: 12415264] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni851]
Ziegler-Heitbrock, L., Ancuta, P., Crowe, S., Dalod, M., Grau, V., Hart, D. N., Leenen, P. J. M., Liu, Y.-J., MacPherson, G., Randolph, G. J., Scherberich, J., Schmitz, J., Shortman, K., Sozzani, S., Strobl, H., Zembala, M., Austyn, J. M., Lutz, M. B. Nomenclature of monocytes and dendritic cells in blood. Blood 116: e74-e80, 2010. [PubMed: 20628149] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-02-258558]