Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CDK16
Cytogenetic location: Xp11.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): X:47,218,303-47,229,997 (from NCBI)
The mechanisms that govern the progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle consist of multiple regulatory processes that control discrete transition points, such as the G0/G1 and G1/S transitions and the entry into mitosis. One of the key components regulating the initiation and passage through mitosis is the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, p34(cdc2/CDC28); see 116953. There exists an extended gene family encoding a large number of different cdc2-related serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. The PCTAIRE protein kinases comprise a distinct subfamily of these kinases and are so named for the presence of a cysteine-for-serine substitution in the conserved PSTAIRE amino acid motif found in prototypic cdc2 kinases. Three members of this kinase subfamily, PCTAIRE 1-3, were identified in humans (Meyerson et al., 1992), whereas only 2 members were identified in mice, PCTAIRE1 and -3 (Okuda et al., 1992). The 3 PCTAIRE kinases are 65% identical to one another (80% within the catalytic domain). PCTAIRE1 is ubiquitously expressed with the highest levels detected in the brain and testis. Human PCTAIRE cDNAs do not complement yeast cdc28 mutants and show other differences, suggesting that PCTAIRE kinases have different cellular functions from those described for CDC2 (116940).
By screening a human genomic library with murine PCTAIRE cDNA probes, Okuda et al. (1994) isolated human cosmid clones for the PCTK1 and PCTK3 genes. Using these as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses, they showed that PCTK1 and PCTK3 are located on bands Xp11 and 1q31-q32, respectively. Knight et al. (1995) found that PCTK1 maps distal to the t(X;18) synovial sarcoma breakpoint in Xp11.23. A 420-kb YAC clone positive for PCTK1 also contained the gene coding for ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBE1 (314370), previously mapped to Xp11.3.
Using an RNA interference-based screen, Tang et al. (2006) found 4 negative regulators of insulin-responsive glucose transport in mouse adipocytes: Pctk1, Pftk1 (610679), Ikbka (CHUK; 600664), and Map4k4 (604666).
Knight, J. C., Renwick, P. J., Downing, J. R., Okuda, T. Physical linkage of the cdc2-related gene (PCTK1) and the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 gene (UBE1) on human Xp11.3. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 71: 155-157, 1995. [PubMed: 7656587] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000134097]
Meyerson, M., Enders, G. H., Wu, C.-L., Su, L.-K., Gorka, C., Nelson, C., Harlow, E., Tsai, L.-H. A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases. EMBO J. 11: 2909-2917, 1992. [PubMed: 1639063] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05360.x]
Okuda, T., Cleveland, J. L., Downing, J. R. PCTAIRE-1 and PCTAIRE-3, two members of a novel cdc2/CDC28-related protein kinase gene family. Oncogene 7: 2249-2258, 1992. [PubMed: 1437147]
Okuda, T., Valentine, V. A., Shapiro, D. N., Downing, J. R. Cloning of genomic loci and chromosomal localization of the human PCTAIRE-1 and -3 protein kinase genes. Genomics 21: 217-221, 1994. [PubMed: 8088790] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1994.1245]
Tang, X., Guilherme, A., Chakladar, A., Powelka, A. M., Konda, S., Virbasius, J. V., Nicoloro, S. M. C., Straubhaar, J., Czech, M. P. An RNA interference-based screen identifies MAP4K4/NIK as a negative regulator of PPAR-gamma, adipogenesis, and insulin-responsive hexose transport. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103: 2087-2092, 2006. [PubMed: 16461467] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507660103]