Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: S100A7
Cytogenetic location: 1q21.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 1:153,457,744-153,460,651 (from NCBI)
Celis et al. (1990) established a computer-accessible 2D gel protein database of epidermal keratinocytes from normal and psoriatic skin. As a result of these studies, Celis et al. (1990) identified several low molecular mass proteins that were highly upregulated in psoriatic epidermis. Madsen et al. (1991) reported the molecular cloning and expression of one of these proteins, which they termed psoriasin. The sequence predicts a protein of molecular mass 11,457 Da. The predicted amino acid sequence includes a potential calcium-binding sequence of the EF-hand type. Schafer et al. (1995) isolated a YAC clone from 1q21 on which 9 different genes coding for S100 calcium-binding proteins could be localized. Clustered organization of these S100 genes allowed introduction of a new and logical nomenclature based on their physical arrangement; the 9 genes were symbolized S100A1 (176940), which is nearest the telomere, to S100A9 (123886), which is nearest the centromere. In this nomenclature, the gene encoding psoriasin was symbolized S100A7, rather than PSOR1.
Jinquan et al. (1996) reported that human psoriasin is a potent and selected chemotactic inflammatory protein for CD4+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils at a low concentration. Psoriasin is not structurally related to the alpha- or the beta-chemokine subfamilies or to lymphotactin (600250), a member of a unique class of chemokines.
Glaser et al. (2005) analyzed skin extracts by affinity chromatography, HPLC, and mass spectrophotometry and found that the 11-kD psoriasin protein preferentially killed the gut bacterium Escherichia coli, but had little or no activity against Staphylococcus aureus or other bacteria. The activity could be inhibited by zinc, but not by other bivalent ions, suggesting that psoriasin kills E. coli by sequestration of zinc. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated intense expression of psoriasin in healthy skin, particularly in the face, scalp, and sebaceous glands. Real-time PCR and ELISA analysis of keratinocytes stimulated with E. coli culture supernatants induced transcription of psoriasin and its secretion. Stimulation with IL1B (147720) or, to a lesser extent, with TNF (191160) also induced psoriasin transcription and secretion. Glaser et al. (2005) concluded that psoriasin is key to the local innate defense against E. coli on body surfaces and kills the bacteria by sequestering essential transition metal ions.
Semprini et al. (1999) determined the genomic structure and characterized the promoter of S100A7. The gene contains 3 exons spanning 2.7 kb.
Hardas et al. (1993) mapped the S100A7 gene to 1q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and YAC analysis. By Southern blot analysis of human/rodent somatic cell hybrids, Borglum et al. (1995) mapped the S100A7 gene to chromosome 1. By multipoint linkage analysis they assigned the locus to a site proximal to MUC1 (158340) and distal to AMY2B (104660).
Mutation analysis by Semprini et al. (1999) using SSCP and direct sequencing of 15 unrelated psoriasis patients from 1q-linked pedigrees and 25 normal controls failed to identify any mutations, excluding S100A7 as a candidate gene for familial psoriasis susceptibility.
Borglum, A. D., Flint, T., Madsen, P., Celis, J. E., Kruse, T. A. Refined mapping of the psoriasin gene S100A7 to chromosome 1cen-q21. Hum. Genet. 96: 592-596, 1995. [PubMed: 8530009] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197417]
Celis, J. E., Cruger, D., Kiil, J., Dejgaard, K., Lauridsen, J. B., Ratz, G. P., Basse, B., Celis, A., Rasmussen, H. H., Bauw, G., Vanderkerckhove, J. A two-dimensional gel protein database of noncultured total normal human epidermal keratinocytes: identification of proteins strongly up-regulated in psoriatic epidermis. Electrophoresis 11: 242-254, 1990. [PubMed: 2188835] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110308]
Celis, J. E., Cruger, D., Kiil, J., Lauridsen, J. B., Ratz, G., Basse, B., Celis, A. Identification of a group of proteins that are strongly up-regulated in total epidermal keratinocytes from psoriatic skin. FEBS Lett. 262: 159-164, 1990. Note: Erratum: FEBS Lett. 267: 317 only, 1990. [PubMed: 2185946] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(90)80179-m]
Glaser, R., Harder, J., Lange, H., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., Schroder, J.-M. Antimicrobial psoriasin (S100A7) protects human skin from Escherichia coli infection. Nature Immun. 6: 57-64, 2005. [PubMed: 15568027] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1142]
Hardas, B. D., Cromie, M. A., Elder, J. T. Psoriasin is tightly linked to CRABP-II and MRP 14 on human chromosome 1q21: coordinate overexpression of clustered genes in psoriatic and RA-treated skin. (Abstract) J. Invest. Derm. 100: 517, 1993.
Jinquan, T., Vorum, H., Larsen, C. G., Madsen, P., Rasmussen, H. H., Gesser, B., Etzerodt, M., Honore, B., Celis, J. E., Thestrup-Pedersen, K. Psoriasin: a novel chemotactic protein. J. Invest. Derm. 107: 5-10, 1996. [PubMed: 8752830] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12294284]
Madsen, P., Rasmussen, H. H., Leffers, H., Honore, B., Dejgaard, K., Olsen, E., Kiil, J., Walbum, E., Andersen, A. H., Basse, B., Lauridsen, J. B., Ratz, G. P., Celis, A., Vandekerckhove, J., Celis, J. E. Molecular cloning, occurrence, and expression of a novel partially secreted protein 'psoriasin' that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin. J. Invest. Derm. 97: 701-712, 1991. [PubMed: 1940442] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12484041]
Schafer, B. W., Wicki, R., Engelkamp, D., Mattei, M.-G., Heizmann, C. W. Isolation of a YAC clone covering a cluster of nine S100 genes on human chromosome 1q21: rationale for a new nomenclature of the S100 calcium-binding protein family. Genomics 25: 638-643, 1995. [PubMed: 7759097] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(95)80005-7]
Semprini, S., Capon, F., Bovolenta, S., Bruscia, E., Pizzuti, A., Fabrizi, G., Schietroma, C., Zambruno, G., Dallapiccola, B., Novelli, G. Genomic structure, promoter characterisation and mutational analysis of the S100A7 gene: exclusion of a candidate for familial psoriasis susceptibility. Hum. Genet. 104: 130-134, 1999. [PubMed: 10190323] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004390050925]