Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: BST1
Cytogenetic location: 4p15.32 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 4:15,703,065-15,774,173 (from NCBI)
Bone marrow stromal cells are essential for B-lymphocyte development. Kaisho et al. (1994) studied the regulation of B lymphopoiesis by stromal cells. They reported the molecular cloning of a stromal cell line-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule that facilitates pre-B-cell growth. They referred to this cell surface molecule as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1, symbolized BST1. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 33% identity with CD38 (107270). BST1 was expressed in a wide range of tissues and in umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas it was scarcely expressed in a variety of hematopoietic cell lines.
Kaisho et al. (1994) found that BST1 expression was enhanced in bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (180300); these cell lines had previously been shown to have an enhanced ability to support the growth of pre-B-cell lines, as compared with stromal cell lines derived from healthy donors. This suggested the presence of abnormalities in the bone marrow microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis patients. This hypothesis may be supported by the fact that bone marrow transplantation resulted in a complete remission of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis in certain cases (Liu Yin and Jowitt, 1992; Lowenthal et al., 1993). The polyclonal B-cell abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis may be, at least in part, attributed to BST1 overexpression in the stromal cell population.
Yilmaz et al. (2012) found that Paneth cells, a key constituent of the mammalian intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche, augment stem cell function in response to calorie restriction. Calorie restriction acts by reducing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1; 601231) signaling in Paneth cells, and the ISC-enhancing effects of calorie restriction can be mimicked by rapamycin. Calorie intake regulates mTORC1 in Paneth cells, but not ISCs, and forced activation of mTORC1 in Paneth cells during calorie restriction abolishes the ISC-augmenting effects of the niche. Finally, increased expression of BST1, an ectoenzyme that produces the paracrine factor cyclic ADP ribose, in Paneth cells mediates the effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin on ISC function. Yilmaz et al. (2012) concluded that their findings established that mTORC1 non-cell-autonomously regulates stem cell self-renewal, and highlighted a significant role of the mammalian intestinal niche in coupling stem cell function to organismal physiology.
By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Kaisho et al. (1994) mapped the BST1 gene to 14q32.3, where immunoglobulin heavy chain genes are clustered. Ferrero et al. (1999) found that CD38 and its paralog BST1 (CD157) map to the same 800-kb restriction fragment in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, indicating that the 2 human ecto-NADase genes are closely linked. Because the CD38 gene maps to 4p15, this information was incompatible with the report of Kaisho et al. (1994), which indicated that BST1 maps to chromosome 14. Gross (2011) mapped the BST1 gene to chromosome 4p15.32 based on an alignment of the BST1 sequence (GenBank BT019502) with the genomic sequence (GRCh37).
Ferrero, E., Saccucci, F., Malavasi, F. The human CD38 gene: polymorphism, CpG island, and linkage to the CD157 (BST-1) gene. Immunogenetics 49: 597-604, 1999. [PubMed: 10369916] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002510050654]
Gross, M. B. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 2/7/2011.
Kaisho, T., Ishikawa, J., Oritani, K., Inazawa, J., Tomizawa, H., Muraoka, O., Ochi, T., Hirano, T. BST-1, a surface molecule of bone marrow stromal cell lines that facilitates pre-B-cell growth. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 91: 5325-5329, 1994. [PubMed: 8202488] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.12.5325]
Liu Yin, J. A., Jowitt, S. N. Resolution of immune-mediated diseases following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 9: 31-33, 1992. [PubMed: 1543947]
Lowenthal, R. M., Cohen, M. L., Atkinson, K., Biggs, J. C. Apparent cure of rheumatoid arthritis by bone marrow transplantation. J. Rheum. 20: 137-140, 1993. [PubMed: 8441146]
Yilmaz, O. H., Katajisto, P., Lamming, D. W., Gultekin, Y., Bauer-Rowe, K. E., Sengupta, S., Birsoy, K., Dursun, A., Yilmaz, V. O., Selig, M., Nielsen, G. P., Mino-Kenudson, M., Zukerberg, L. R., Bhan, A. K., Deshpande, V., Sabatini, D. M. mTORC1 in the Paneth cell niche couples intestinal stem-cell function to calorie intake. Nature 486: 490-495, 2012. [PubMed: 22722868] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11163]