HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: RPS3
Cytogenetic location: 11q13.4 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 11:75,399,518-75,422,302 (from NCBI)
The ribosomal protein S3 has 2 apparently distinct functions: (1) as a ribosomal protein, RPS3 contributes to the domain of the ribosome where translation is initiated, and (2) as an endonuclease, RPS3 apparently participates in repair of UV damage. Moreover, the first intron of human RPS3 transcripts is processed to generate U15A (600455), a small nucleolar RNA ('snoRNA') (Tycowski et al., 1993). Thus, this is an example of nested genes or a gene within a gene (summary by Polakiewicz et al., 1995).
Zhang et al. (1990) isolated a human epithelial cDNA encoding RPS3. The deduced RPS3 protein has 243 amino acids. Northern blot analysis indicated that RPS3 is expressed as an approximately 900-bp transcript.
To search for genes whose level of expression changes during tumorigenesis, Pogue-Geile et al. (1991) screened a cDNA library derived from a colon adenocarcinoma with cDNAs prepared from the carcinoma and from adjacent normal mucosa. They isolated cDNAs encoding RPS3. Northern blot analysis detected a 1-kb RPS3 transcript which was more abundant in 8 of 8 colon adenocarcinomas and 7 of 10 adenomatous polyps relative to adjacent normal colonic mucosa. The predicted RPS3 protein had no obvious structural motifs. The human and rat RPS3 coding sequences are 90% identical, and the encoded proteins differ by only 1 amino acid.
By a combination of somatic cell hybrid analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and YAC/STS content mapping, Polakiewicz et al. (1995) demonstrated that the RPS3/U15A genes map to the immediate vicinity of D11S356 and D11S533 on 11q13.3-q13.5. Kenmochi et al. (1998) confirmed the mapping assignment reported by Polakiewicz et al. (1995).
Kenmochi, N., Kawaguchi, T., Rozen, S., Davis, E., Goodman, N., Hudson, T. J., Tanaka, T., Page, D. C. A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes. Genome Res. 8: 509-523, 1998. [PubMed: 9582194] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.8.5.509]
Pogue-Geile, K., Geiser, J. R., Shu, M., Miller, C., Wool, I. G., Meisler, A. I., Pipas, J. M. Ribosomal protein genes are overexpressed in colorectal cancer: isolation of a cDNA clone encoding the human S3 ribosomal protein. Molec. Cell. Biol. 11: 3842-3849, 1991. [PubMed: 1712897] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.8.3842-3849.1991]
Polakiewicz, R. D., Munroe, D. J., Jani Sait, S. N., Tycowski, K. T., Nowak, N. J., Shows, T. B., Housman, D. E., Page, D. C. Mapping of ribosomal protein S3 and internally nested snoRNA U15A gene to human chromosome 11q13.3-q13.5. Genomics 25: 577-580, 1995. [PubMed: 7789996] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(95)80063-r]
Tycowski, K. T., Shu, M. D., Steitz, J. A. A small nucleolar RNA is processed from an intron of the human gene encoding ribosomal protein S3. Genes Dev. 7: 1176-1190, 1993. [PubMed: 8319909] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.7.7a.1176]
Zhang, X. T., Tan, Y.-M., Tan, Y. H. Isolation of a cDNA encoding human 40S ribosomal protein S3. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6689 only, 1990. [PubMed: 2129557] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.22.6689]