Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GTF2A2
Cytogenetic location: 15q22.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 15:59,638,062-59,657,515 (from NCBI)
Accurate transcription initiation on TATA-containing class II genes involves the ordered assembly of RNA polymerase II (POLR2A; 180660) and the general initiation factors TFIIA, TFIIB (189963), TFIID (313650), TFIIE (189962), TFIIF (189968), TFIIG/TFIIJ, and TFIIH (189972). The first step involves recognition of the TATA element by the TATA-binding subunit (TBP; 600075) and may be regulated by TFIIA, a factor that interacts with both TBP and a TBP-associated factor (TAF; 600475) in TFIID. TFIIA has 2 subunits (43 and 12 kD) in yeast and 3 subunits in higher eukaryotes. In HeLa extracts, it consists of a 35-kD alpha subunit and a 19-kD beta subunit encoded by the N- and C-terminal regions of GTF2A1 (600520), respectively, and a 12-kD gamma subunit encoded by GTF2A2 (DeJong et al., 1995).
DeJong et al. (1995) isolated a cDNA clone encoding the 12-kD TFIIA gamma subunit.
High levels of gene transcription by RNA polymerase II depend on high rates of transcription initiation and reinitiation. Initiation requires recruitment of the complete transcription machinery to a promoter, a process facilitated by activators and chromatin remodeling factors. Reinitiation is thought to occur through a different pathway. After initiation, a subset of the transcription machinery remains at the promoter, forming a platform for assembly of a second transcription complex. Yudkovsky et al. (2000) described the isolation of a reinitiation intermediate in yeast that includes transcription factors TFIID, TFIIA, TFIIH, TFIIE, and Mediator (see 602984). This intermediate can act as a scaffold for formation of a functional reinitiation complex. Formation of this scaffold is dependent on ATP and TFIIH. In yeast, the scaffold is stabilized in the presence of the activator Gal4-VP16, but not Gal4-AH, suggesting a new role for some activators and Mediator in promoting high levels of transcription.
Upadhyaya et al. (2002) determined that the GTF2A2 gene contains 5 exons and spans 19 kb.
By genomic sequence analysis, Upadhyaya et al. (2002) mapped the GTF2A2 gene to chromosome 15q22. They identified putative GTF2A2 pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 8, and 9.
DeJong, J., Bernstein, R., Roeder, R. G. Human general transcription factor TFIIA: characterization of a cDNA encoding the small subunit and requirement for basal and activated transcription. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 92: 3313-3317, 1995. [PubMed: 7724559] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.8.3313]
Upadhyaya, A. B., Khan, M., Mou, T.-C., Junker, M., Gray, D. M., DeJong, J. The germ cell-specific transcription factor ALF: structural properties and stabilization of the Tata-binding protein (TBP)-DNA complex. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 34208-34216, 2002. [PubMed: 12107178] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M204808200]
Yudkovsky, N., Ranish, J. A., Hahn, S. A transcription reinitiation intermediate that is stabilized by activator. Nature 408: 225-229, 2000. [PubMed: 11089979] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/35041603]