Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: XCR1
Cytogenetic location: 3p21.31 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 3:46,017,007-46,085,844 (from NCBI)
Many cell membrane receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family, members of which are characterized by the presence of 7 transmembrane domains and numerous conserved amino acids. Using degenerate PCR, Heiber et al. (1995) identified additional members of this family, including one that they designated GPR5. A genomic clone was obtained using the PCR-derived GPR5 clone. A single-exon gene was identified that encodes a putative protein of 333 amino acids. The GPR5 receptor is most closely related to RBS11 (SWISS-PROT P35411) and the MIP1-alpha/RANTES receptor (Gao et al., 1993).
By screening cells expressing known chemokine receptors as well as orphan receptors with recombinant XCL1 (SCYC1; 600250) and XCL2 (SCYC2; 604828), Yoshida et al. (1998) observed that cells expressing GPR5 migrated and mobilized calcium in response to these chemokines in a dose-dependent manner. Migration was suppressed after treatment with pertussis toxin, indicating that the receptor is coupled to a G-alpha type of G protein. Northern blot analysis revealed strong expression of a 5.0-kb GPR5 transcript in placenta and weak expression in spleen and thymus. Yoshida et al. (1998) suggested that GPR5 be redesignated XCR1 for XC chemokine receptor-1. XC chemokines lack the first and third of the 4 cysteines conserved in other chemokines, e.g., CC and CXC where X is any amino acid between the 2 N-terminal cysteines.
Heiber et al. (1995) mapped the CCXCR1 gene to 3p21.3-p21.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. By radiation hybrid analysis and organization of BAC contigs by FISH on combed genomic DNA, Maho et al. (1999) localized the CCXCR1 gene within the CCR cluster at 3p21.3.
Gao, J.-L., Kuhns, D. B., Tiffany, H. L., McDermott, D., Li, X., Francke, U., Murphy, P. M. Structure and functional expression of the human macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha/RANTES receptor. J. Exp. Med. 177: 1421-1427, 1993. [PubMed: 7683036] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.177.5.1421]
Heiber, M., Docherty, J. M., Shah, G., Nguyen, T., Cheng, R., Heng, H. H. Q., Marchese, A., Tsui, L.-C., Shi, X., George, S. R., O'Dowd, B. F. Isolation of three novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors. DNA Cell Biol. 14: 25-35, 1995. [PubMed: 7832990] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.1995.14.25]
Maho, A., Bensimon, A., Vassart, G., Parmentier, M. Mapping of the CCXCR1, CX3CR1, CCBP2 and CCR9 genes to the CCR cluster within the 3p21.3 region of the human genome. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87: 265-268, 1999. [PubMed: 10702689] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000015443]
Yoshida, T., Imai, T., Kakizaki, M., Nishimura, M., Takagi, S., Yoshie, O. Identification of single C motif-1/lymphotactin receptor XCR1. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 16551-16554, 1998. [PubMed: 9632725] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.26.16551]