Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GNG5
Cytogenetic location: 1p22.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 1:84,498,325-84,506,581 (from NCBI)
G proteins are trimeric (alpha-beta-gamma) membrane-associated proteins that regulate flow of information from cell surface receptors to a variety of internal metabolic effectors. Interaction of a G protein with its activated receptor promotes exchange of GTP for GDP that is bound to the alpha subunit. The alpha-GTP complex dissociates from the beta-gamma heterodimer so that the subunits, in turn, may interact with and regulate effector molecules (Gilman, 1987; summary by Ahmad et al., 1995).
Fisher and Aronson (1992) characterized the cDNA and genomic sequence of the gamma-5 subunit (GNG5). They found, furthermore, a cDNA clone from human placenta with an altered open reading frame and 3-prime untranslated region. At base position 957 of the cDNA for native chitobiase (CTBS; 600873), which would be the 3-prime end of exon 6 of the chitobiase gene, there was fused in-frame a sequence that represented exons 2 and 3 from the gamma-5 gene. Exons 2 and 3, respectively, code for the carboxyl-end of the gamma-5 protein and the 3-prime untranslated portion of its mRNA. This hybrid message was also identified in human liver and retina by RT-PCR analysis. It was not known whether a hybrid protein was produced in vivo.
Ahmad et al. (1995) demonstrated that both the CTBS gene and the GNG5 gene map to 1p by PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrids; by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a YAC clone that contains both chitobiase and gamma-5 genes, they refined the localization to 1p22.
Ahmad, W., Li, S., Chen, H., Tuck-Muller, C. M., Pittler, S. J., Aronson, N. N., Jr. Lysosomal chitobiase (CTB) and the G-protein gamma-5 subunit (GNG5) genes co-localize to human chromosome 1p22. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 71: 44-46, 1995. [PubMed: 7606925] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000134059]
Fisher, K. J., Aronson, N. N. Characterization of the cDNA and genomic sequence of a G protein gamma subunit (gamma-5). Molec. Cell Biol. 12: 1585-1591, 1992. [PubMed: 1549114] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.4.1585-1591.1992]
Gilman, A. G. G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56: 615-649, 1987. [PubMed: 3113327] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151]