HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GPR15
Cytogenetic location: 3q11.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 3:98,531,978-98,534,681 (from NCBI)
Using primers based on conserved regions of the opioid-related receptors (e.g., 165196), Heiber et al. (1996) isolated a PCR product that they then used to locate the full-length coding region of a novel human receptor gene, GPR15. GPR15 shares sequence identity with the angiotensin II receptors type 1 (106165) and type 2 (300034), the interleukin 8 b receptor (146928), and the orphan receptors GPR1 (600239) and angiotensin receptor-like 1 (600052).
By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Heiber et al. (1996) mapped GPR15 to 3q11.2-q13.1.
Kim et al. (2013) showed that GPR15, an orphan heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor, controlled the specific homing of T cells, particularly FOXP3 (300292)-positive regulatory cells (T-regs), to the large intestine lamina propria. GRP15 expression was modulated by gut microbiota and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1; 190180), but not by retinoic acid. GPR15-deficient mice were prone to develop more severe large intestine inflammation, which was rescued by the transfer of GPR15-sufficient T-regs. Kim et al. (2013) concluded that their findings described a T-cell homing receptor for the large intestine lamina propria and indicated that GPR15 plays a role in mucosal immune tolerance largely by regulating the influx of T-regs.
Heiber, M., Marchese, A., Nguyen, T., Heng, H. H. Q., George, S. R., O'Dowd, B. F. A novel human gene encoding a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR15) is located on chromosome 3. Genomics 32: 462-465, 1996. [PubMed: 8838812] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1996.0143]
Kim, S. V., Xiang, W. V., Kwak, C., Yang, Y., Lin, X. W., Ota, M., Sarpel, U., Rifkin, D. B., Xu, R., Littman, D. R. GPR15-mediated homing controls immune homeostasis in the large intestine mucosa. Science 340: 1456-1459, 2013. [PubMed: 23661644] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237013]