Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: ATP5ME
Cytogenetic location: 4p16.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 4:672,436-674,276 (from NCBI)
Mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase uses energy derived from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP. The enzyme consists of a soluble F1 catalytic unit and an Fo unit composed of a joining stalk and inner membrane proteins. Three proteins, designated e, f, and g, copurify with the F1Fo subunits, but are peripherally associated with the membrane or the stalk (summary by Swartz et al., 1996).
The ATP5I gene encodes the e subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase Fo complex (Elliott et al., 1993).
Elliott et al. (1993) isolated and characterized the low fat mammary-1 (Lfm1) cDNA in mice as a gene regulated by dietary fat and carbohydrate intake. The sequence is 96% similar to the e subunit of the bovine heart F1Fo-ATP synthase and 98% similar to the e subunit from rat liver. Swartz et al. (1996) cloned and characterized the 1.1-kb murine Lfm1/e subunit gene (Atp5k). Levels of mRNA were shown to increase in the hearts of mice fed 20% corn oil compared to those fed 3% corn oil. Differences in mRNA levels were also detected in the hearts and livers of mice subjected to a fast/refeed regimen.
By differential display between normal human liver and 4 human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), Ying et al. (2001) isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to ATP5I. By Northern blot analysis, they demonstrated that ATP5I was overexpressed in 10 of 11 HCC specimens. Antisense ATP5I in a human HCC cell line inhibited cell growth. Antisense transfection also decreased serum-stimulated activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, suggesting that ATP5I acts through the MAP kinase pathway.
Gross (2011) mapped the ATP5I gene to chromosome 4p16.3 based on an alignment of the ATP5I sequence (GenBank BC003679) with the genomic sequence (GRCh37).
Swartz et al. (1996) mapped the mouse Atp5k gene to chromosome 5. They identified a 370-bp pseudogene and several related sequences by Southern blotting.
Elliott, T. S., Swartz, D. A., Paisley, E. A., Mangian, H. J., Visek, W. J., Kaput, J. F1Fo-ATPase subunit e gene isolated in a screen for diet regulated genes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190: 167-174, 1993. [PubMed: 7678489] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.1026]
Gross, M. B. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 6/14/2011.
Swartz, D. A., Park, E. I., Visek, W. J., Kaput, J. The e subunit gene of murine F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase: genomic sequence, chromosomal mapping, and diet regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 20942-20948, 1996. [PubMed: 8702853] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.34.20942]
Ying, H., Yu, Y., Xu, Y. Antisense of ATP synthase subunit e inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol. Res. 12: 485-490, 2001. [PubMed: 11939412] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.3727/096504001108747495]