Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CCL24
Cytogenetic location: 7q11.23 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 7:75,810,825-75,823,372 (from NCBI)
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines that stimulate proinflammatory activity by attracting leukocytes. Beta-chemokines are characterized by a C-C motif (2 contiguous cysteines). Patel et al. (1997) identified 2 beta-chemokines by searching ESTs for conserved beta-chemokine motifs, and designated them MPIF1 (602494) and MPIF2. MPIF2 encodes a predicted 119-amino acid protein containing a 26-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide. The MPIF2 protein, which migrates as a 10.5-kD band on SDS-PAGE, is most closely related to that of MCP3 (39% identity; 158106) and MIP-1-alpha (42% identity; 182283). MPIF2 expression was undetectable on Northern blots, but was found by RT-PCR in activated monocytes and T lymphocytes.
Patel et al. (1997) found that MPIF2 had chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and lower activity on neutrophils. MPIF2 was a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line.
Menzies-Gow et al. (2002) used immunohistological analysis to examined the effects of intradermal injection of eotaxin (CCL11; 601156) and eotaxin-2, both of which act through CCR3 (601268), into human atopic and nonatopic skin. Both chemokines produced a dose- and time-dependent local eosinophilia of comparable intensity and an acute wheal and flare response regardless of atopy status. Basophils and neutrophils also accumulated at the injection sites. Menzies-Gow et al. (2002) concluded that the eosinophilic and inflammatory cell infiltrate induced by eotaxins is consistent with CC chemokine-induced mast cell degranulation.
By use of PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNAs, radiation hybrid mapping, and a chromosome 7-specific YAC library, Nomiyama et al. (1998) mapped the SCYA24 gene to chromosome 7q11.23.
The eotaxin gene family (eotaxin 1; eotaxin 2; and eotaxin 3, 604697) recruits and activates CCR3-bearing cells such as eosinophils, mast cells, and Th2 lymphocytes that play a major role in allergic disorders. Shin et al. (2003) genotyped a 721-member asthma (600807) cohort at 17 polymorphisms among the 3 eotaxin loci. Statistical analysis revealed that the eotaxin 2 +1272A-G G* allele showed significantly lower frequency in asthmatics than in normal healthy controls (0.14 versus 0.23, P=0.002), and that distribution of the eotaxin 2 +1272A-G G* allele-containing genotypes was also much lower in asthmatics (26.3 versus 40.8%, P = 0.003). In addition, a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in eotaxin 1, +123Ala to Thr, showed significant association with total serum IgE levels (P = 0.002-0.02) (see 147050). The effect of eotaxin 1 +123Ala to Thr on total serum IgE appeared in a gene dose-dependent manner. The authors suggested that the development of asthma may be associated with eotaxin 2 +1272A-G polymorphisms, and the susceptibility to high IgE production may be attributed to the eotaxin 1 +123Ala to Thr polymorphism. In an erratum, the authors noted that the first base of the translation start site of the eotaxin 2 genomic reference sequence had been denoted as +1, introducing some errors in the numbering of the eotaxin 2 SNPs.
Min et al. (2005) found that plasma eotaxin-2 levels were increased in asthmatics compared to healthy controls, and that the increased levels were proportional to the number of 1272A-G alleles. Min et al. (2005) suggested that plasma eotaxin-2 may have a protective effect against the development of asthma via desensitization.
Menzies-Gow, A., Ying, S., Sabroe, I., Stubbs, V. L., Soler, D., Williams, T. J., Kay, A. B. Eotaxin (CCL11) and eotaxin-2 (CCL24) induce recruitment of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and macrophages as well as features of early- and late-phase allergic reactions following cutaneous injection in human atopic and nonatopic volunteers. J. Immun. 169: 2712-2718, 2002. [PubMed: 12193745] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2712]
Min, J.-W., Lee, J.-H., Park, C.-S., Chang, H. S., Rhim, T. Y., Park, S.-W., Jang, A.-S., Shin, H.-D. Association of eotaxin-2 gene polymorphisms with plasma eotaxin-2 concentration. J. Hum. Genet. 50: 118-123, 2005. [PubMed: 15744457] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-005-0230-3]
Nomiyama, H., Osborne, L. R., Imai, T., Kusuda, J., Miura, R., Tsui, L.-C., Yoshie, O. Assignment of the human CC chemokine MPIF-2/eotaxin-2 (SCYA24) to chromosome 7q11.23. Genomics 49: 339-340, 1998. [PubMed: 9598329] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1998.5250]
Patel, V. P., Kreider, B. L., Li, Y., Li, H., Leung, K., Salcedo, T., Nardelli, B., Pippalla, V., Gentz, S., Thotakura, R., Parmelee, D., Gentz, R., Garotta, G. Molecular and functional characterization of two novel human C-C chemokines as inhibitors of two distinct classes of myeloid progenitors. J. Exp. Med. 185: 1163-1172, 1997. [PubMed: 9104803] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.185.7.1163]
Shin, H. D., Kim, L. H., Park, B. L., Jung, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Chung, I.-Y., Kim, J. S., Lee, J. H., Chung, S. H., Kim, Y. H., Park, H.-S., Choi, J. H., Lee, Y. M., Park, S. W., Choi, B. W., Hong, S.-J., Park, C.-S. Association of eotaxin gene family with asthma and serum total IgE. Hum. Molec. Genet. 12: 1279-1285, 2003. Note: Erratum: Hum. Molec. Genet. 12: 2083 only, 2003. [PubMed: 12761043] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddg142]