Gene: [01p362/NPPA] natriuretic peptide precursor A (cardionatrin; atrial hormone); atrionatriuretic peptide (atriopeptin, prepronatriodilatin); [ANP PND ANF ]
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COM |
[1] Atriopeptin (ANP) is a potent vasoactive peptide synthesized in human
atrium (heart) and is thought to play a key role in cardiovascular
homeostasis by means of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte
homeostatic controlling mechanisms. ANP acts by stimulating cGMP; belongs
to the family of natriuretic peptides also including BNP, CNP
(see GEM:01p362/NPPB and GEM:02q/NPPC) which interact with their specific
receptors (GEM:01q211/NPR1; GEM:09p/NPR2; GEM:05p1/NPR3).
[2] According to comments presented in the relevant SwissProt Data Base entry (SWI:P01160[:CC]), the human genome contains two different pronatriodilatin genes one of which encodes for two additional Arg/R residues at the precursor C-terminus that are cleaved to form the mature peptide, whereas the other gene contains a stop-codon immediately after the last codon of the mature peptide. These data are not yet reflected however in Genome Data Base and Online MIM. [3] Also see 'Gene polymorphism', 'Peptide product', and 'Pathology' in the given entry and 'Genetic map' in GEM:01p363/D1Z2[:MAG].[GEM:01p362/NPPA:POL,PRT,PAT]" |
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PRT |
"NPPA precursor protein: =153 aa; =16708 Da. Sourses: - Oikawa S, Imai M, Ueno A, Tanaka S, Noguchi T, Nakazato H, Kangawa K, Fukuda A, Matsuo H; Nature, 309, 724-726, 1984; Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding a precursor for human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. - Nakayama K, Ohkubo H, Hirose T, Inayama S, Nakanishi S; Nature, 310, 699-701, 1984; mRNA sequence for human cardiodilatin-atrial natriuretic factor precursor and regulation of precursor mRNA in rat atria. - Nemer M, Chamberland M, Sirois D, Argentin S, Drouin J, Dixon RAF, Zivin RA, Condra JH; Nature, 312, 654-656, 1984; Gene structure of human cardiac hormone precursor, pronatriodilatin. - Greenberg BD, Bencen GH, Seilhamer JJ, Lewicki JA, Fiddes JC; Nature, 312, 656-658, 1984; Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding human atrial natriuretic factor precursor. - Seidman CE, Bloch KD, Klein KA, Smith JA, Seidman JG; Science, 226, 1206-1209, 1984; Nucleotide sequences of the human and mouse atrial natriuretic factor genes; /Note: all six of the above mentioned publications described AA-Seq of 1-151 aa residues, i.e., the polypeptide lacking the last two amino acids (Arg-Arg/RR)/. - Zivin RA, Condra JH, Dixon RAF, Seidah NG, Chretien M, Nemer M, Chamberland M, Drouin J; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 81, 6325-6329, 1984; Molecular cloning and characterization of DNA sequences encoding rat and human atrial natriuretic factors; /Note: AA-Seq of 118-153 aa residues/. - Maki M, Parmentier M, Inagami T; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 125, 797-802, 1984; Cloning of genomic DNA for human atrial natriuretic factor; /Note: AA-Seq of 1-75 aa residues/. - Kangawa K, Matsuo H; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 118, 131-139, 1984; /Note: AA-Seq of 124-151 aa residues/. ..................................................................... PRT:{-25( 1)=MSSFSTTTVS FLLLLAFQLL GQTRA= 1( 26)=NPMYNAVSNA DLMDFKNLLD HLEEKMPLED= 31( 56)=EVVPPQVLSE PNEEAGAALS PLPEVPPWTG EVSPAQRDGG ALGRGPWDSS= 81(106)=DRSALLKSKL RALLTAPR= 99(124)=SLRRSSCFGG RMDRIGAQSG LGCNSFRY= 127(152)=RR=128(153)} ..................................................................... Features: {seg(-25..-1) = SIGNAL-peptide /Note: in the precursor, seg(1..25); seg(1..30) = CARDIODILATIN-related peptide /: seg(26..55); seg(99..126) = ATRIAL NATRIURETIC peptide, ALPHA /: seg(124..151); seg(105..121) = DISULFID bond Cys-Cys/C..C /: seg(130..146); seg(127..128) = variant missing in one of the two genes /: seg(152..153)} ............................................................................" |
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POL |
The following RFLPs have been found for NPPA:
Bgl II, Bgl I, BsmI (Frossard-1986,1987);
XhoI, TaqI (Nemer-1986);
ScaI, NsiI (Masharani-1988).
The latter authors demonstrated that the ScaI RFLP (at sites |
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PAT |
According to a recent publication by John-1995, the authors were generated
mice with an alteration of the NPPA gene. When homozygous animals were fed
standard or intermediate salt diets (0.5 and 2% sodium chloride,
respectively), their blood pressures were elevated by 8 to 23 mm of
mercury, and they had no circulating atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP.
Although heterozygotes had normal amounts of circulating ANP and normal
blood pressures on standard salt diets, they became certainly hypertensive
with blood pressures elevated by 27 mm of mercury, on higher salt diets
(8% sodium chloride). These results demonstrate that genetically reduced production of ANP can cause salt-dependent hypertension." |
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ECR |
"[1] Cross-References to Protein DBs: swp:P01160/ANF_HUMAN/Jul-21-1986/Aug-13-1987/Nov-01-1991. pir:A01424/AWHU; pir:A22693; pir:A32733. prosite:PS00263/natriuretic_peptide. [2] Cross-References to DNA DBs: emb:K02043/HSANF; emb:X01471/HSANFPRE; emb:K02044/HSANFB; emb:M30262/HSCDDANF; emb:K02399/HSANFH." |
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REF |
FUN,EXP,MEB "Ackermann U: Clin Chem, 32, 241-247, 1986 FUN,EXP,MEB "de Bold AJ: Science, 230, 767-770, 1985 LOC,CYG "Dracopoli NC &: Genomics, 9, N4 (Apr), 686-700, 1991 FUN,EXP,MEB "Flynn TG, Davies PL &: Biochem J, 232, 313-321, 1985 POL,MOL "Frossard PM &: NAR, 15, 7656, 1987 POL,MOL "Frossard PM &: NAR, 14, 5121, 1986a POL,MOL "Frossard PM &: NAR, 14, 9223, 1986b CLO,GEN,SEQ,STR "Greenberg BD &: Nature, 312, 656-658, 1984 FUN,EXP,MEB "Johansson B &: BBRC, 148, 1087-1092, 1987 PAT,MOD,MOU "John SWM &: Science, 267, N5198 (Feb 3), 679-681, 1995 CLO,SEQ,COD "Kennedy BP &: BBRC, 122, 1076-1082, 1984 FUN,EXP,MEB "Lang RE &: Nature, 314, 264-266, 1985 FUN,EXP,MEB "Laragh JH: New Engl J Med, 313, 1330-1340, 1985 CLO,GEN,SEQ,STR "Maki M &: BBRC, 125, 797-802, 1984 POL,MOL "Masharani U &: Hum Genet, 80, 307, 1988 FUN,EXP,MEB "Napier MA &: PNAS, 81, 5946-5950, 1984 FUN,EXP,MEB "Needleman P, Greenwald JE: New Engl J Med, 314, 828-834, 1986 POL,MOL "Nemer M &: NAR, 14, 8696, 1986a POL,MOL "Nemer M &: NAR, 14, 8697, 1986b CLO,GEN,SEQ,STR "Nemer M &: Nature, 312, 654-656, 1984 CLO,SEQ,COD "Oikawa S &: Nature, 309, 724-726, 1984 EVO,SEQ,HUM,MOU "Sachse H &: Nucleos Nuc, 7, 61-73, 1988 EVO,SEQ,HUM,MOU "Seidman CE &: Science, 226, 1206-1209, 1984 FUN,EXP,MEB "Weidmann &: Am J Nephrol, 8, 1-14, 1988 FUN,EXP,MEB "Yamaji T &: J Clin Invest, 76, 1705-1709, 1985 LOC,CYG "Yang-Feng TL &: AJHG, 37, N6 (Nov), 1117-1128, 1985 CLO,SEQ,COD "Zivin RA &: PNAS, 81, 6325-6329, 1984 |
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KEY |
horm, neu, card, ren |
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CLA |
coding, basic |
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LOC |
01 p36.2 |
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MIM |
MIM: 108780 |
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SYN |
ANP PND ANF |
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